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The politeia was the Byzantine Greek translation and continuation of the ancient res publica. The latter, “the emperors of the Romans,” must be understood in relation to the political sphere constituted by the totality of the Roman people. The Roman people remained the true sovereign of the political sphere, and they both authorized and de-authorized the holding of power by their rulers. Byzantium was a republic in the broader sense. By contrast, what we (and not the Romans) call the “Republic” was only one specific type of regime by which the res publica or res Romana was governed in one phase of its history, namely, by the senate, consuls, and popular assemblies. According to this definition, and following most political theorists down to the Enlightenment, republics and monarchies were not incompatible. As I will explain in Chapter 1, by “republic” I mean a regime in which only popular consent could authorize the allocation of power, which could be used only to benefit the totality of the Roman people (whom we call the “Byzantines”). Byzantium must first be understood as a republic in the Roman tradition.
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This picture, I will argue, is partial and even misleading. In discussing the Byzantine political sphere, scholarship has focused almost exclusively on the emperor and has tended to accept at face value the theological grounds for the legitimacy of his power often claimed by the court. The goal of this book is to present an original argument regarding the nature of what we call “the Byzantine empire” as a political society. The Secular Republic and the Theocratic “Imperial Idea” 165 Conclusion Notes The Sovereignty of the People in Practice To Carolina López Ruiz with love and admirationĮxtralegal Authority in a Lawful Polity 62 Power (Social sciences)-Byzantine Empire. Legitimacy of governments-Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire-Politics and government-527–1081. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. The Byzantine Republic : people and power in New Rome / Anthony Kaldellis.
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The Byzantine Republic People and Power in New RomeĬambridge, Massachusetts, and London, EnglandĬopyright © 2015 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data Kaldellis, Anthony.